Current Perspective on Exchange Transfusion.

strict surgical asepsis, the use of transparent catheter (polyvinyl feeding tube with a rounded end and side holes) for umbilical catheterization was strongly suggested, as it enabled easy identification of the air bubbles that can cause of air embolism if pushed into the circulation. The clearance of blocked catheters (clots in the circulation) using pressure was strongly reprehended. In situations where the high venous pressure was recorded or in the presence of heart failure, a deficit exchange was carried until the pressure normalized. The author felt that with the above discipline, the risk of complications due to ET can be significantly reduced.